Myths Surrounding Sperm and DNA – How Do Age and Toxins Affect Sperm Quality?

June 17, 2008 - Tuesday
8:00 PM to 9:00 PM (EST)
Guest Speakers: Donald P. Evenson, Ph.D., HCLD - SCSA Diagnostics, Inc.

Categories
Infertility • IUI • IVF • Male Factor • Reproductive Technologies

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[Tue Jun 17 16:56:49 PDT 2008]	Corey_Whelan	Welcome early birds. Tonight we are so very pleased that our guest speaker is Dr. Donald Evenson. Dr. Evenson has already entered the chat room, so please feel free to post your questions. Welcome Dr. Evenson!
[Tue Jun 17 16:58:12 PDT 2008]	evenson	Thanks! Pleased to be a part of this forum!
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[Tue Jun 17 16:58:56 PDT 2008]	Corey_Whelan	And we are very lucky to have you. Folks, please feel free to post any questions that you may have
[Tue Jun 17 16:59:09 PDT 2008]	Leigh	It's great to be here.
[Tue Jun 17 16:59:41 PDT 2008]	leeleeboston	Hello
[Tue Jun 17 16:59:46 PDT 2008]	Corey_Whelan	Hi there, welcome
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[Tue Jun 17 16:59:53 PDT 2008]	Leigh	Is it true that the older a man gets, the higher changes he has for passing on genetic defects?
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[Tue Jun 17 17:00:07 PDT 2008]	Corey_Whelan	Hi Sarah, welcome
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[Tue Jun 17 17:00:51 PDT 2008]	evenson	Yes, that is true but not dramatically. For example, there is an increase in achondroplasia with age of man.
[Tue Jun 17 17:01:03 PDT 2008]	Corey_Whelan	Hi Dan, welcome to tonight's chat. Hope you are well!!
[Tue Jun 17 17:01:37 PDT 2008]	Corey_Whelan	Dr. Evenson, what is achondroplasia?
[Tue Jun 17 17:01:45 PDT 2008]	Leigh	I was just going to ask that.
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[Tue Jun 17 17:02:00 PDT 2008]	Corey_Whelan	Hi Mike, welcome
[Tue Jun 17 17:02:08 PDT 2008]	leeleeboston	My husband no longer smokes (quit 3 years ago) but uses nicotime gum and some times discusting chewing tobacco. We are doing a donor egg cycle in August and I want him to be 100 clean. Does this hurt his sperm?
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[Tue Jun 17 17:02:51 PDT 2008]	Corey_Whelan	Hi Missanry, good to see you
[Tue Jun 17 17:02:55 PDT 2008]	evenson	Achrodroplasia is characterized by abnormal bone growth that results in short stature with disproportionaately short arems and legs and other defects.
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[Tue Jun 17 17:03:17 PDT 2008]	Corey_Whelan	got it, thanks. I think Leelee's question is next Dr. Evenson
[Tue Jun 17 17:03:19 PDT 2008]	Missanry	Thanks Corey. Good Evening!
[Tue Jun 17 17:03:27 PDT 2008]	Corey_Whelan	Hi Maureen. How are you?
[Tue Jun 17 17:03:43 PDT 2008]	maureendf	Great...you?
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[Tue Jun 17 17:04:10 PDT 2008]	Corey_Whelan	good!
[Tue Jun 17 17:04:13 PDT 2008]	Corey_Whelan	Hi Tracy
[Tue Jun 17 17:04:29 PDT 2008]	evenson	All tobacco products have mutagens, for example, cigarette tobacco has 23 mutagens. Publications show that smoking causes sperm DNA fragmentation.
[Tue Jun 17 17:04:49 PDT 2008]	Missanry	What about smokeless tobacco?
[Tue Jun 17 17:05:08 PDT 2008]	Dan	Hi Dr. Evenson. Does human sperm nuclear DNA integrity affect embryo quality?
[Tue Jun 17 17:05:17 PDT 2008]	leeleeboston	but the gum just has nicotine. Is this dangerous?
[Tue Jun 17 17:05:38 PDT 2008]	evenson	Is this chewing tobacco?-- then similar consequences would be expected.
[Tue Jun 17 17:06:00 PDT 2008]	Missanry	Yes chewing tobacco.
[Tue Jun 17 17:06:18 PDT 2008]	Corey_Whelan	Dr. Evenson, what about the nicotine gum and patches to help stop smoking?
[Tue Jun 17 17:06:45 PDT 2008]	Corey_Whelan	And then I believe that Dan has a question up
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[Tue Jun 17 17:06:56 PDT 2008]	Corey_Whelan	Hi there dimic, welcome back
[Tue Jun 17 17:07:10 PDT 2008]	evenson	Yes, fathers with a high level of sperm DNA fragmentation have a higher level of spontaneous miscarriages. Couples having a repeated pregnancy loss have been shown that the fathers have a four times higher level of sperm DNA fragmentation than sperm donors.
[Tue Jun 17 17:07:38 PDT 2008]	Mike	Hi Corey, Dr. Evenson, is there conclusive evidence that phthalates have a detrimental effect on sperm? I can't seem to find anything definitive.
[Tue Jun 17 17:07:46 PDT 2008]	evenson	Nicotine gum and patches would not be the same as smoking or chewing.
[Tue Jun 17 17:08:06 PDT 2008]	Corey_Whelan	well that's good news. I believe Mike has an interesting question up
[Tue Jun 17 17:08:45 PDT 2008]	leeleeboston	So the gum is safe?
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[Tue Jun 17 17:08:53 PDT 2008]	Corey_Whelan	Yes LeeLee
[Tue Jun 17 17:09:24 PDT 2008]	evenson	Phalthates have been a great concern as an endocrine disrupter-- specifically for sperm I cant come up with a publication-- but anytime there is an endocrine disruption there is cause for concern since germ cell production is dependent on endocrines.
[Tue Jun 17 17:09:33 PDT 2008]	Tracy	Dr. Evenson, what about air pollution and men's sperm? I recently read an article about this. It awful to think that the environment is having an effect on all of this.
[Tue Jun 17 17:10:43 PDT 2008]	evenson	Safe!! is a rather dangerous word. Everything is relative. While subtance A may be SAFE and B alone might be SAFE-- mixing the two and the other thousands of chemicals might not be SAFE
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[Tue Jun 17 17:11:36 PDT 2008]	leeleeboston	Does the anti depressent Clonipin affect sperm quality
[Tue Jun 17 17:11:36 PDT 2008]	Corey_Whelan	Hi Nike, welcome
[Tue Jun 17 17:12:00 PDT 2008]	Nike	Hi Corey - It's been a while but I am back!!!
[Tue Jun 17 17:12:07 PDT 2008]	Corey_Whelan	So glad!!!!
[Tue Jun 17 17:12:50 PDT 2008]	evenson	Our lab together with the EPA and the Czech governmnet studied a valley town that had a high level of industrial pollution-- and also had a high number of miscarriages or no pregnancies. In an extensive study, sperm DNA fragmentation was the only factor that was correlated with the high and low levels of air pollution.
[Tue Jun 17 17:13:22 PDT 2008]	Corey_Whelan	Dr. Evenson, I have to ask....are the hermaphroditic frogs that are showing up in suburban lakes a cautionary tale? Should we be concerned? the newspapers accounts say that endocrine disruptors are at fault
[Tue Jun 17 17:13:24 PDT 2008]	dimic	IWhat would the treatment be for a high sperm DNA fragmentation and a history of recurrent miscarriage?.
[Tue Jun 17 17:13:37 PDT 2008]	evenson	There is no evidence that Clonipin has a negative effect-- but the studies have not been done
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[Tue Jun 17 17:14:27 PDT 2008]	Corey_Whelan	Hi cmd, welcome to our chat. Feel free to jump in at any time
[Tue Jun 17 17:14:37 PDT 2008]	evenson	Yes, we should be very concerned. I think this is the 40th anniversary of Racheal Carson book, Silent
[Tue Jun 17 17:14:45 PDT 2008]	leeleeboston	Thank you - i just have so many questions since it is very expensive using an egg donor and I want him to do everything right on his side
[Tue Jun 17 17:14:49 PDT 2008]	Corey_Whelan	Spring. I rememer
[Tue Jun 17 17:14:55 PDT 2008]	Corey_Whelan	Also I remember
[Tue Jun 17 17:16:22 PDT 2008]	moharden	How much does past drug use (LSD, Marijuana and cocaine) effect sperm quality?
[Tue Jun 17 17:16:26 PDT 2008]	Leigh	Dr. Evenson, with the increase in infertility and abnormal sperm, should a couple trying to conceive consume organic foods to avoid pollutants?
[Tue Jun 17 17:16:36 PDT 2008]	Corey_Whelan	I think Dimic's question is important, let's let Dr. Evenson catch up folks
[Tue Jun 17 17:17:10 PDT 2008]	evenson	When a man presents with high sperm DNA fragmentation, the first response is to be examined by a urologist for the presence of a varicocele-- this causes extra heat to the testis which is negative for sperm integrity. Next, diet, and a particular emphasis on antioxidants both in food stuffs and if not sufficient a supplementary product for oxidative stress.
[Tue Jun 17 17:17:11 PDT 2008]	Corey_Whelan	Leigh, that's a great question too.
[Tue Jun 17 17:17:58 PDT 2008]	evenson	Sufficient studies have not been done to answer this question regarding LSD and others.
[Tue Jun 17 17:18:07 PDT 2008]	cmdelarocha	What kind of supplementary product for oxidative stress? (concentrated berry extract maybe?)
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[Tue Jun 17 17:19:00 PDT 2008]	Corey_Whelan	Hi tscruggs. welcome to our chat
[Tue Jun 17 17:19:07 PDT 2008]	Dan	What about herbal threapy?
[Tue Jun 17 17:19:23 PDT 2008]	evenson	Tough question on organic foods. By definition it should be better. Especially for the concerns about poisoned foods from abroad. In any case, have a diet with a lot of antioxidants and generally wholesome diet.
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[Tue Jun 17 17:20:22 PDT 2008]	dimic	Does the anti-seizure med dilantin affect sperm quality?
[Tue Jun 17 17:20:26 PDT 2008]	Leigh	Thanks Dr. Evenson
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[Tue Jun 17 17:20:41 PDT 2008]	cmdelarocha	I'm sorry, I think I may have missed the first part of the chat. At what age does sperm quality typically become affected to the point that it can cause infertility?
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[Tue Jun 17 17:21:05 PDT 2008]	evenson	For supplementary products, in addition to healthy foods, there are a number of cocktails put togehter by physicians and patients. There are several commercial products, e.g. Fertile One which we have recommended.
[Tue Jun 17 17:21:29 PDT 2008]	evenson	I am not aware of any evidence regarding dilantin
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[Tue Jun 17 17:21:36 PDT 2008]	Dan	wonderful. ty
[Tue Jun 17 17:21:43 PDT 2008]	Corey_Whelan	Hi Deanna, welcome
[Tue Jun 17 17:22:09 PDT 2008]	cmdelarocha	Thank you for that. I'll have to look that up.
[Tue Jun 17 17:22:45 PDT 2008]	tscruggsthomas	Does chewing tobacco reduce the quality of the sperm?
[Tue Jun 17 17:23:26 PDT 2008]	Corey_Whelan	tscruggs, we've actually asked that question earlier; please look at the action button and you can read the chat so far
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[Tue Jun 17 17:23:46 PDT 2008]	tscruggsthomas	Thanks, I am sorry
[Tue Jun 17 17:23:50 PDT 2008]	Corey_Whelan	Hi woodigit, welcome back1f
[Tue Jun 17 17:24:01 PDT 2008]	evenson	There has been the myth that the man's age has no effect on quality of sperm. NOT TRUE! Studies have shown that older fathers take a longer time to pregnancy than younger men. Recently, we have found one of the molecular reasons for this. In a study of 100 men that were all healthy and similar backgrounds, they were divided into decades of age. Men in their 20s have about 5% of their sperm with fragmented
[Tue Jun 17 17:24:32 PDT 2008]	dimic	Thanks for the answers! One more question -- can sperm fragmentation be hereditary? My husband's brother and wife just had their first miscarriage.
[Tue Jun 17 17:24:38 PDT 2008]	Nike	Can Red Wine affect sperm quality and the amount of time it is active in a woman? I know alchol should be avoided but does a man have to stop a glass of wine? Will that affect a fertility cycle?
[Tue Jun 17 17:26:21 PDT 2008]	Corey_Whelan	tscruggs, no need to be sorry!
[Tue Jun 17 17:26:29 PDT 2008]	evenson	DNA. Then going into the 30th it increases and by the age of 50 the aveage level is 30% of sperm with fragmented DNA. This is significant because this is the threshold that places a man into the category of a longer time to pregnancy, more miscarriages, or no pregnancy. There is a heterogensous response since some older men have excellent DNA integrity, while younger men may have poor quality. However, at age 50 there is a 1/3 chance of infertility simply due to age factor and the attending sperm DNA fragmentation.
[Tue Jun 17 17:27:54 PDT 2008]	evenson	Very little work has been done on heredity of DNA fragmentation. However we published a paper a couuple years ago in which men who were positive for an enzyme that was antioxidant in character had a lower level of DNA fragmentation that those men who did not have that gene.
[Tue Jun 17 17:28:17 PDT 2008]	cmdelarocha	Thanks Dr. Evenson. I guess men like Tony Randall are just lucky!
[Tue Jun 17 17:29:30 PDT 2008]	Deanna	I keep hearing about how men should be using antioxidant therapy to help with their sperm, are there any specific antioxidants a man should be taking?
[Tue Jun 17 17:29:44 PDT 2008]	evenson	A lot of press has been made lately that some alcohol is beneficial-- especially dark red wines. So a glass a day may be positive. However, dark grape juice may be substituted.
[Tue Jun 17 17:31:03 PDT 2008]	evenson	I touched on this in an above answer. Check with your physician-- one study showed that a gram of vitamin C and vitamin E over two months reduced sperm DNA fragmentation.
[Tue Jun 17 17:31:10 PDT 2008]	Nike	LOL - Thanks Dr. I will be sure to speak with my husband on this. For that reason, on allot of press, I have been torn on his consumption of one glass about 2 times a week.
[Tue Jun 17 17:31:13 PDT 2008]	Corey_Whelan	cm, you actually bring up a good point. Celebs sometimes do more harm than good. The general public never knows who uses third party repro and who doesn't.
[Tue Jun 17 17:31:44 PDT 2008]	Leigh	Dr. Evenson, can sperm defects caused by exposure to environmental toxins be passed down to generations?
[Tue Jun 17 17:32:44 PDT 2008]	evenson	The generaly answer might be no, yet, if the defect is a mutation that is passed along, the answer is yes.
[Tue Jun 17 17:32:53 PDT 2008]	Missanry	If a man has very low morphology (0-1%) does that mean that he will have high levels of DNA fragmentation?
[Tue Jun 17 17:33:02 PDT 2008]	Leigh	I see. ty
[Tue Jun 17 17:33:14 PDT 2008]	cmdelarocha	Thanks Corey..I hadn't even thought about that. After Leigh's question, what do you think is the best procedure for a successful pregnancy if there is a problem with sperm motility, morphology, pH (8.5)?
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[Tue Jun 17 17:33:30 PDT 2008]	raina222	Dr. Evenson, my husband grew up in a home where both of his parents chain smoked, could this have caused his abnormal morphology?
[Tue Jun 17 17:34:57 PDT 2008]	evenson	No, our experience and others show a very low correlation between sperm morphology and sperm DNA fragmentation. Thus, we have seen a number of semen samples, both human and animal in which the morphology is excellent and the other semen parameters are o.k, yet there is no pregnancy naturally or even by ART-- and we find a high level of sperm DNA fragmentation-- this is likely the cause of infertility. We had a patient that had about 10
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[Tue Jun 17 17:36:25 PDT 2008]	evenson	ICSI cyles without a normal pregnancy- and the DFI was 85%-- this was likely the cause. Also, idiopathic infertility couples with all standard parameters normal find that high level of DNA fragmentition and this identifies the problem.
[Tue Jun 17 17:36:40 PDT 2008]	Missanry	Interesting. Thank you.
[Tue Jun 17 17:37:44 PDT 2008]	evenson	The most successful procedure in the face of poor sperm morphology, motility and even sperm DNA fragmentation is ICSI
[Tue Jun 17 17:38:21 PDT 2008]	cmdelarocha	ok, I have a dumb question: what's ICSI?
[Tue Jun 17 17:39:01 PDT 2008]	evenson	Research data are not sufficient to know if parental smoking causes sperm morphology problems.
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[Tue Jun 17 17:39:55 PDT 2008]	Missanry	when the lab directly injects a single egg with a sperm thus fertilizing and creating an embryo
[Tue Jun 17 17:40:17 PDT 2008]	Corey_Whelan	That's what ICSI is. There are no dumb questions kiddo
[Tue Jun 17 17:41:59 PDT 2008]	leeleeboston	Is it true that the sperm they use in IVF is really old sperm stored up - like from 3 months ago?
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[Tue Jun 17 17:42:56 PDT 2008]	cmdelarocha	Thanks Missanry!
[Tue Jun 17 17:43:18 PDT 2008]	evenson	No, sperm for IVF is usually obtained from the husband at the time of the procedure. However, sperm that has been frozen may be used, but the outcomes for frozen sperm is about the same as fresh sperm.
[Tue Jun 17 17:44:15 PDT 2008]	Missanry	Your welcome! ::smile
[Tue Jun 17 17:44:39 PDT 2008]	cmdelarocha	Does today's sperm reflect the health of the man from 3 months ago?
[Tue Jun 17 17:44:55 PDT 2008]	Corey_Whelan	Folks, we have about fifteen minutes left, please don't hold back on questions that you have been wanting to ask.
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[Tue Jun 17 17:45:33 PDT 2008]	Corey_Whelan	Hi picci, welcome
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[Tue Jun 17 17:46:17 PDT 2008]	evenson	We did a study on 45 men who donated a semen sample once per month. The data for all sperm parameters were quite similar from month to month, however, the level of sperm DNA fragmentation had the greatest repeatability. So, yes, if the man has had no bodily insults over that time, it should reflect that of 3 months ago.
[Tue Jun 17 17:46:25 PDT 2008]	Corey_Whelan	Hi Mellygck, welcome
[Tue Jun 17 17:47:00 PDT 2008]	Nike	I have a question - Does Vitamin B12 improve low sperm count? What about B6, does it affect a man like it "suppose" to a woman?
[Tue Jun 17 17:47:02 PDT 2008]	mellygck	good evening everyone
[Tue Jun 17 17:47:38 PDT 2008]	cmdelarocha	Can I add onto Nike's question? What about Omega-3s?
[Tue Jun 17 17:47:53 PDT 2008]	evenson	I can't speak specifially on the levels of B12 and B6-- the B group is very important however,
[Tue Jun 17 17:47:55 PDT 2008]	Nike	Yes, that too. Thanks Cmdelar
[Tue Jun 17 17:48:40 PDT 2008]	mellygck	I have aquestion myself. My husband sperm count was high, but he could only provide less then 2ml. What is this a indication of? His sperm count was 10x what is expected to be normal.
[Tue Jun 17 17:48:56 PDT 2008]	evenson	Yes, there is also a lot of press about Omega 3s. Excellent antioxidant. Eat fish-- wild fish and not farmed fish from the Far East./
[Tue Jun 17 17:49:13 PDT 2008]	Mike	Doctor, what affect if any can something like prostate cancer or other cancers have on sperm?
[Tue Jun 17 17:50:16 PDT 2008]	evenson	A high sperm count is good. About two mls semen is in the normal range.
[Tue Jun 17 17:50:16 PDT 2008]	Deanna	My doctor said that my husband should be the most aggressive in taking good care of himself the 3 months prior to giving a "sample" to the lab, something abt sperm maturation period. Is that true?
[Tue Jun 17 17:50:42 PDT 2008]	Nike	Last question, promise --- You mentioned Omega-3, we are talking pure Omega-3 correct, not a multivitamin? Thanks Dr. Evenson for your time!
[Tue Jun 17 17:50:50 PDT 2008]	mellygck	but he only had 1ml. how can we improve his?
[Tue Jun 17 17:52:03 PDT 2008]	evenson	Cancer certainly has an effect on sperm quality. Even for cases like testicular cancer before any treatment, the sperm quality is affected and sperm DNA fragmentation is higher than normal. Even so, it is suggested to freeze aliquots of semen before treatment. Future medicine may be able to select out the good sperm from the poorer sperm.
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[Tue Jun 17 17:52:45 PDT 2008]	mellygck	he had 250 million in the 1ml.
[Tue Jun 17 17:53:31 PDT 2008]	evenson	It takes 3 months from a testicular germ cell to mature into a functional sperm. The most important period is the last month which is likely the most senstive to insults like hot tubs, cortisone treatments and other medications.
[Tue Jun 17 17:54:00 PDT 2008]	leeleeboston	what medications?
[Tue Jun 17 17:54:44 PDT 2008]	evenson	I think that pure Omega three is advantageous over a multivitamin.
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[Tue Jun 17 17:57:07 PDT 2008]	Corey_Whelan	folks, we only have about three minutes left with Dr. Evenson. Of course, as always, you are free to utilize the chat room for as long as you like after Dr. Evenson leaves.
[Tue Jun 17 17:57:11 PDT 2008]	Dan	Dr. Evenson, thank you for your time time. This was really informative.
[Tue Jun 17 17:57:18 PDT 2008]	Corey_Whelan	And of course, I want to thank you all so much for being here.
[Tue Jun 17 17:57:32 PDT 2008]	evenson	Medications is a tough one. Some antidepressants have an effect on sperm motility. An excellent example was in that 45 men study where for 7 of the months this man had excellent sperm DNA integrity-- and one month was very very poor. In the previous month he had a back injury and had cortisone injection which likely caused the poor DNA fragmentation.
[Tue Jun 17 17:57:33 PDT 2008]	cmdelarocha	Thank you Dr. Evenson. Thanks for mediating Corey.
[Tue Jun 17 17:57:36 PDT 2008]	Corey_Whelan	Thank you Dr. Evenson, I learned so much! We hope that you can come back soon. Thanks so much for taking the time to be here
[Tue Jun 17 17:57:41 PDT 2008]	Corey_Whelan	My please cmd
[Tue Jun 17 17:57:55 PDT 2008]	Missanry	Thanks!
[Tue Jun 17 17:58:10 PDT 2008]	mellygck	thank you
[Tue Jun 17 17:58:10 PDT 2008]	maureendf	thank you very informative
[Tue Jun 17 17:58:11 PDT 2008]	evenson	Thanks to all that participated. This was an enjoyable interaction.
[Tue Jun 17 17:58:35 PDT 2008]	leeleeboston	thank you very much
[Tue Jun 17 17:58:36 PDT 2008]	Corey_Whelan	I hope to see you all at our next conference in New York in October! And of course, here on tuesday nights. Thanks again to all.
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[Tue Jun 17 17:59:36 PDT 2008]	Deanna	Thanks for all the info, it was very helpful!
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Myths Surrounding Sperm and DNA – How Do Age and Toxins Affect Sperm Quality?

Myths Surrounding Sperm and DNA – How Do Age and Toxins Affect Sperm Quality?

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